Dressed to Excess
Dressed to Excess
پوشش افراطی
If you traveled back in time to the 1700s in Europe, you would laugh when you saw how the aristocracy dressed.
اگر به دهه 1700 در اروپا سفر می کردید، از نحوه لباس پوشیدن طبقه اشراف خنده تان می گرفت.
Soon you’d realize, though, that the aristocrats of Europe were very serious about their appearance.
البته خیلی زود متوجه می شدید که اشراف اروپایی در خصوص پوشش ظاهر خود بسیار جدی بودند.
The predominant style in women’s attire was enormous dresses.
سبک غالب در پوشش زنان، لباس های بسیار گشاد بود.
They were often three times larger than the wearer.
اندازه این لباسها سه برابر بزرگتر از خود فرد بود.
Ladies even used pads to enlarge the appearance of their hips and shoulders.
خانمها حتی برای بزرگ نشان دادن باسن و شانه های خود از اِپُل استفاده می کردند.
On the other extreme, the aristocratic women made their waists appear extremely thin.
در مقابل، زنان اشرافی کمر خود را فوق العاده باریک نشان میدادند.
It took several maids stretching fabric and pulling straps in order to get a lady’s waist to the proper thinness.
چندین خدمتکار لازم بود تا پارچه و بندهای لباس را بکشند تا دور کمر یک بانوی اشرافی به اندازه کافی باریک شود.
These ladies could barely breathe and often fainted.
این زنان به سختی می توانستند نفس بکشند و اغلب غش می کردند.
Pale skin was also a craze, yet this too was done in excess.
همین طور پوست رنگ پریده نیز مُد بود که البته در آن بسیار افراط می شد.
One could not simply be pale.
فرد نمی توانست به آسانی رنگ پریده شود.
Instead, she needed to look as if she had anemia.
در عوض، بایستی طوری به نظر می رسید که گویی مبتلا به بیماری کم خونی است.
In order to look paler, ladies actually cut themselves daily, so they would bleed.
خانمها برای اینکه پوستشان رنگ پریده تر بنظر برسد، روزانه بدن خود را می بریدند تا از بدنشان خون برود.
The hairstyles, however, were the hallmark of women’s fashion.
البته مدل مو مشخصه ی بارز مُد زنان بود.
These stood a meter high on the ladies’ heads.
موها یک متر بالاتر از سرخانمها قرار می گرفت.
The columns of hair were a ridiculous tangle of wigs, jewels, flowers, and even stuffed birds.
شاخه های مو گلوله ای مضحک مرکب از کلاه گیس، جواهرات،گلها و حتی پرندگان شکم پر بود.
Men’s fashion was similarly absurd.
مُد مردانه نیز به همین صورت مضحک بود.
Today it would probably seem very feminine.
امروزه این نوع مد شاید بسیار زنانه به نظر برسد.
Reputable men wore wigs of long curly hair.
مردان مشهور کلاه گیسی از موی فرفری بلند به سر داشتند.
Their shoes had large soles or high heels so that they could walk high above the filth on the streets.
کفشهایشان دارای تخت های بزرگ یا پاشنه های بلند بود تا بتوانند هنگام راه رفتن در خیابان از روی زباله ها رد شوند.
Furthermore, just like the ladies, the men wore lipstick and put rouge on their cheeks.
بعلاوه مردان نیز مثل زنان رژ لب می زدند و به گونه های خود رژگونه می مالیدند.
Their clothes were brightly colored, often purple and pink.
لباسهایشان به رنگ روشن و اغلب به رنگ بنفش و صورتی بود.
They were made from the finest of fabrics and decorated with jewels and lace.
لباسها از ظریفترین پارچه ها دوخته شده و با جواهرات و نوارهای توری تزیین می شدند.
The men vied with one another to see who wore the more expensive clothes, for the clothing signified his wealth and status.
مردها بر سر این که کدام یک لباسهای گرانتری میپوشند با هم رقابت میکردند، چون لباس نشانگر ثروت وقدرت آنها بود.
Both men and women spent huge amounts of money and time on how they looked.
مردان و زنان بخش عمده ای از پول و وقت خود را صرف ظاهر خود می کردند.
Though such vanity would seem vulgar today, three hundred years from now, the fashions of our time might also seem completely ridiculous.
هرچند امروزه از دید ما این نوع خودبینی، زننده بنظر می رسد، اما شاید مدهای زمان ما در سیصد سال پیش نیز کاملا مسخره به نظر برسند.
LEXICAL BANK
| EXAMPLE | MEANING | WORD |
| That group of people making animal noises sounds completely absurd | پوچ، مضحک | absurd |
| When she first developed anemia, she became tired often | کم خونی | anemia |
| Most members of the aristocracy were very well-fed | اشرافی | aristocracy |
| The aristocrat did not need a job because his family was wealthy | نجیب زاده | aristocrat |
| Everyone wore their best attire to the president’s daughter’s wedding | لباس | attire |
| Wearing bright red socks was a craze when I was in high school | مُد | craze |
| The classrooms were enlarged over the summer to make room for more students | بزرگ کردن | enlarge |
| Because it never got cold that winter, many stores had an excess of coats | افراط | excess |
| Many of the older people thought his long hair made him look too feminine | زنانه | feminine |
| Different types o f pasta and tomato sauces are hallmarks of Italian food | مشخصه، نماد | hallmark |
| Football players wear shoulder pads to keep them safe | لایی، اِپُل | pad |
| Before cars were invented, horses were the predominant method of travel | غالب، برجسته | predominant |
| The service from the less than reputable company made her angry | مشهور، معتبر | reputable |
| Even when she didn’t wear rouge, her cheeks appeared red | رُژ گونه | rouge |
| A red octagon is used to signify to stop | علامت چیزی بودن | signify |
| She put the strap of her purse over her shoulder and walked out of the door | بند، نوار | strap |
| The laces of his shoes were in such a tangle that he could not untie them | گِره، گلوله | tangle |
| Her vanity won’t allow her to pass a mirror without looking at herself | غرور، خودبینی | vanity |
| The three boys vied for the prize in the chemistry contest | رقابت کردن | vie |
| Her vulgar behavior got her into trouble with her parents | مبتذل | vulgar |